Limited to 1 Pet. 2:5, 9, the Greek noun “hierateuma” means “priesthood.” Peter affirmed every Christian is a priest and thus a member of the priesthood.
The Greek noun “ἱερατεία”
Limited to Lk. 1:9 and Heb. 7:5, the Greek noun “hierateia” means “priesthood” or “priestly office.” The Dictionary of New Testament Theology (2:233) says this term “means priestly activity, the office.” Stated another way, this word describes the actual work performed by the Old Testament priests.
Ἱεράπολις
Limited to Col. 4:13, “Hierapolis” was a city in Asia Minor. This community was located northeast of Laodicea.
Ἰεζαβήλ
Limited to Rev. 2:20, “Jezebel” was the wicked wife of King Ahab. John said there was a “Jezebel” at the congregation in Thyatira who seduced Christians. This woman was a false prophetess who represents evil and false religion.
The Greek noun “ἱδρώς”
Limited to Lk. 22:44, but not found in all our manuscripts because Lk. 22:43-44 is not in all our manuscripts, the Greek noun “idros” meant “perspiration” or “sweat.” Something like bloody sweat showed the intensity of Jesus’ agony.
Ἰδουμαία
Limited to Mk. 3:8, “Idoumaia” was the territory west of the Dead Sea and south of Judea.
The Greek noun “ἰδιώτης”
Limited to Acts 4:13; 1 Cor. 14:16, 23-24; 2 Cor. 11:6, the Greek noun “idiotes” meant “unskilled,” “unlearned,” “amateur.” Spicq (2:213) said this term “refers to anyone who has no training or specialty, and therefore is contrasted with experts and professionals.” Aside from Acts 4:13 where this adjective describes rulers and legal experts, this term is always used by Paul. This apostle said he was “unskilled” in speech (2 Cor. 11:6). In 1 Cor. 14, this word describes those “present in the Corinthian congregation but whom Paul apparently distinguished from the regular members of the church” (Silva, 2:501). This word does not in any way support the clergy-laity system found in the denominational world.
The Greek adjective “ἴδιος”
Found more than a hundred times in the New Testament, the Greek adjective “idios” meant “private” or “one’s own” as belonging to an individual.
Spicq (2:205) said whether “used as adjective, noun, or adverb, this term means ‘peculiar to, particular, private,’ but its sense is weakened in the Koine, where it is usually equivalent to a possessive. It is used with respect to things as well as persons to express who they belong to.”
This term first occurs in Mt. 9:1 and it last used in Jude 6. Peter used this adjective to say Scripture is not of “private” interpretation (2 Pet. 1:20).
The Greek noun “ἰδέα”
Limited to Mt. 28:3 in some manuscripts, the Greek noun “idea” means “appearance.”
ιβ᾿
Used only in variant readings, used only Rev. 7:5-8, used multiple times in each of these verses, and not a word, the letters “ιβ᾿” signify the number twelve.